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GLOBAL
FINANCIAL USA INC.
LOAN AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made and entered into by and between:
1) First Party: GLOBAL FINANCE
(Hereinafter referred as LENDER)
AND
2) Second Party:
Full Name: Philemon Ngeno
(Hereinafter referred as BORROWER)
RECITALS
Whereas the First Party is an investment management enterprise and would like to make an anonymous
business loan under the trusteeship of the second party for an amount of $150,000 (Hereinafter refer as
Fund), The Second Party is an experienced and proven management financial controller and turn around
manager with diversified investment knowledge and is willing to accept The fund and the First Party is
prepared to Co-operate with the Second Party in that respect. Now, therefore, in consideration of the
foregoing facts and the mutual Representations and covenants hereinafter set forth, the Parties hereto;
ARTICLE 1. AGREE AS FOLLOWS
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The recitals set forth above constitute an integral part of this agreement at all time and considered as a
fundamental condition to execute it.
ARTICLE 2. PURPOSE OF THIS AGREEMENT
The purpose of the present agreement is to define the contractual relation between the first party and the
second party.
ARTICLE 3. RIGHTS GRANTED
Subject to the terms and upon the conditions set forth herein, throughout the duration of $150,000 USD
and the Second Party Hereby accepts to use and invest the above mentioned Fund in financing
ARTICLE 4. PURPOSE
The provision of the fund is to enable the second party finance His Project with a loan under the direction
and approval of the management and authorized investment technocrats as may be assigned by the First
party.
ARTICLE 5: DUTIES OF THE FIRST PARTY
The duties of The First Party, under the terms and conditions of this contract shall be as follows:
A.) To make available the sum of $150,000USD as an loan upon formal approval by the board and
management.
B.) To confirm that the second party is legally entitled to receive the fund and is duly certified by a
certified and recognized professional body as trained fund administrator.
C.)To ensure that the second been has not been convicted of any criminal offense or does not have a
history of financial mis-application or belong to any out-lawed organization.
D.) To draw up contracts for the implementation of the agreed Investment Memorandum of
Understanding.
ARTICLE 6: DUTIES OF THE SECOND PARTY
The duties of The Second Party, under the terms and conditions of this contract shall be as follows:
A.) To make arrangement on his personal cost to be at the choice location for the formal for signing of
partnership contract and induction.
B.) To ensure prompt liberation investment portfolio (fund) allocated and transferred by the First Party, is
up to the total sum authorized , to be used for the purpose of investment.
C.) To acknowledge the receipt of funds in writing in presence of the representative of the first party.
D.) To pay on inception of the contract approved 3% interest rate per annum through out the duration of
the contract unless it?s modified by the organization.
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E.)To ensure proper documentation of all transactional expenses as well as submit quarterly audited
account to the first party financial designate.
F.)To endeavor to attend the necessary induction training and certifications.
ARTICLE 7: DURATION OF THIS AGREEMENT.
A.)The present agreement shall become effective only on the date that the first initial mobilization fund is
transferred, entered and availed into the account of the second party and shall be valid for an initial term
of Seven (7) full consecutive years
B.) Afterwards, this Agreement shall be terminated by first party after the loan tenure.
C.) Any termination of the present Agreement shall not impair any rights or remedies of any party hereto
neither accrued prior to the termination nor relieve any party of its obligations accrued prior to such
termination.
D.) The proof of acknowledgement of fund in account should be obtained from the receiving bank, as an
evidence that the money is being received by the second party to identify the validity and starting date of
this agreement.
ARTICLE 8. EXPIRATION AND CANCELLATION
8.1 This Agreement shall expire as provided in Article 8 hereon. It may Also be terminated by either party
for any of the following reasons and conditions:
8.2 If the fund agreed in this agreement has not been availed to the second party after the scheduled
transferred date for whatsoever reason, this contract will be automatically canceled and first party has
under law or jurisdiction to pay the compensation or amount to the second party.
8.3 The unanimous decision of the two parties to cancel this agreement at the terms and conditions
agreed and specified at that particular time If the second party fails to pay the interest agreed to the first
party for the first year.
8.4 Any one of the parties could cancel the agreement after settling his liabilities to the other party in the
following way:
8.5 If first party wishes to cancel at any time he should pay to the second Party the following amount: For
cancellation in any of the first year an amount of 3% of the total fund provided where it will be deducted
from the fund amount on the date of expiration
ARTICLE 9.CANCELATIONS:
9.1 For cancellation before the end of the last year of the agreement, an amount of 0.5% of the total fund
provided will be deducted from the principal amount to be paid on the date of expiration in additional to
the current year interest ( To be deducted )
9.2 The first party has the full rights to terminate the contract without any penalty or deduction if the
second party fails to pay the agreed interest rate for two consecutive years of transactions.
9.3 The second party can terminate this agreement at any time by paying back the fund in additional to
5% of the total fund or last year dividend, whichever is higher.
9.4 Furthermore, the present Agreement will be terminated in the event either party ceases activities,
liquidates or dissolves itself, demands a moratorium involving a large part of its assets, ceases to make
payments, declares bankruptcy, and is declared in judicial adjustments or liquidation or become the
object of any similar procedure, becomes the object of a judgment ordering it to cease activities, has its
assets seized or has trustee or receiver appointed.
9.5 At the end of this agreement for any reason whatsoever, the second party will return to the first Party
its whole value of current finance holding which the first party undertakes to take back.
ARTICLE 10. CONFIDENTIALITY AND ANONYMOUSITY
The parties hereto agree to respect the confidentiality nature of information which they receive during the
term of this Agreement, including information concerning the sale, distribution, Financial statements or
banks or accounts information of the company or the signatory of this agreement, and they undertake to
keep such information strictly confidential during the said term, and after the termination or non renewal of
the Agreement.
ARTICLE 11. LEGAL / PROCESSING FEES/ DUE DELIGENCE
In respect of the preparation of security documents, agreements and loan documentation, a solicitor shall
act only for the borrower/chargor and the remuneration of the solicitor shall be in accordance with the
applicable scale fee specified based on the secured or financed amount. This is in an amount of $450
payable to commence due diligence, preparation of security documents, agreements and loan
documentation.
ARTICLE 12. NOTICE
12.1 Any notice demand , request , consent , approval, designation, specification or other communication
given or made , or required to be given or made hereunder, shall be in writing and shall be hand delivered
or sent by email) addressed to the parties in the manner set forth below :
(i) to the First Party
(ii) to the Second Party
Or to such other address of facsimile or telex number or person as either party may hereafter designate.
12.2 A notice shall be deemed to have been given and received:
(i) when left at the appropriate address if hand-delivered or sent by email;
(ii) when actually received if sent by facsimile or electronic data exchange; or
(iii) when dispatched and the correct answerback received if sent by telex or facsimile.
ARTICLE 13. FORCE MAJEURE
Non compliance by either the First Party or the Second Party owing to Force Majeure with any of the said
obligations shall not lead to the Termination of this agreement provided either the first party or the Second
Party has, as soon as possible under the circumstances, notified the other party in a letter sent by email
or hand delivery, of the reason for non compliance. Pursuant to this clause, Force Majeure shall be
deemed to be any unforeseeable and irresistible event provoked by an external cause, which constitutes
an obstacle to the performance of an obligation, such as foreign or civil war, riots, acts of public enemies,
general strikes, sabotage, piracy, fire, explosion, natural disasters and act of local government and
parliamentary authority. The parties agreed to interrupt the
Agreement for the period of such event and until the activities resume normally.
ARTICLE 14. GOVERNING LAW AND JURIDICTION
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14.1 All difference concerning the validity, the interpretation or the performance of the present Agreement
shall be finally settled under the arbitration of a court in England and the language of such arbitration shall
be English.
14.2 This agreement shall in all respects be governed and construed in accordance with the law of the
country that the agreement was executed, delivered and performed within.
ARTICLE 15. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
15.1 This Agreement may be amended only by a written document signed by both parties or by their duly
authorized representatives.
15.2 This agreement supersedes all prior agreements between the parties (written or oral) and is
intended as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the Agreement between the parties.
15.3 All reference to a year or a month shall mean a calendar year and a period of thirty days
respectively.
15.4 In the event that this agreement is translated into any other language, the English language version
hereof shall govern.
__
Authorized Signatory For Global Finance:
Ari Gagne
____________________
Authorized Signature
For: Philemon Ngeno
GLOBAL
FINANCIAL USA INC.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 11:59:55 PM
PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Purchase Agreement (hereinafter the Agreement) is made on this 30 day of October 2020, between
???.. a limited liability company duly incorporated in the Emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates with its
registered office address at ????.(Hereinafter referred to as the Buyer)
AND;
?????????? (Hereinafter referred to as the Seller)
Together Parties
WHEREAS
A. Both Parties are willing to enter this Agreement to facilitate the sale/purchase of Gold
B. The Seller is in possession of up to 500 Kgs of gold (Consignment) and the Buyer is ready, willing and
able to purchase the entire Consignment subject to the provisions of this Agreement.
C. This Agreement is valid the Consignment and such further consignment as the Seller may be willing to
sell to the Buyer.
TERMS
1. The seller is in possession of a consignment of 500 kg of gold nuggets. Buyer agrees to purchase
the entire consignment immediately available, subject to a trial of 10 kg. Once successful, buyer
undertakes to buy the entire consignment of 500 kg, followed by monthly tranches of 200 kg for a 12
months period.
2. For the avoidance of doubt, pure Gold means the percentage of Gold (Au) composition in he product
following an assay analysis.
3. Both parties agree that the price per kilogram of pure Gold is fixed at 42,000 USD. Both Parties
agree that payments shall be made in United States Dollars.
4. The Seller shall deliver the Gold to Africa Gold Refineries (AGR) located at Oserian Warehouse,
First Freight Lane, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, Nairobi, Kenya.
5. The date and time of the first delivery shall be the XXX 2020 at not later than 09:00am (and/or such
date and time mutually agreed by both Parties). Subsequent deliveries shall be agreed between the
Parties.
6. Prior to delivery, the Seller shall provide the Buyer with the following information:
a. Details of the individual delivering the Gold (name, number, ID/Passport Copy)
b. Details of the vehicle (license plate number, type of vehicle, color)
7. AGR shall perform the following services on behalf of the Buyer:
a. Weighing
b. Melting
c. Smelting
d. Casting
e. XRF analysis
f. Fire assay.
8. Once AGR provides and confirms the weight and analysis of the product to both Parties, the Buyer
shall initiate the export process (via Brinks) and the consignment shall be taken to the Ministry of
Mining (Madini House, Kenya) for export clearance. Upon receipt of the final documents from the
Ministry, the consignment will be shipped to Dubai (UAE) with the buyer as the consignee.
9. The Buyer agrees to cover the Royalty fees and the export fees due to ship the consignment to Dubai.
10. The buyer shall receive and clear the shipment and the buyer is required to release the payment to
the seller within 48 hours from the receipt of such shipment. The Seller shall provide an invoice to the
Buyer based on the final test results for purposes of payment.
11. Each Party shall be responsible for their tax obligations (if any) arising of the transactions subject of
this Agreement.
12. This agreement shall be governed under laws and jurisdiction of the Emirate of Dubai, UAE and all
matters of dispute, arbitration, adjudication shall be subject to the courts of Dubai, UAE.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first
written above.
FOR AND ON BEHALF OF SELLER FOR AND ON BEHALF OF THE BUYER
NAME:
TITLE:
NAME: SIGNATURE:
TITLE: SELLER DATE:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:
_______________________
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 11:59:35 PM
Buyer must fill in his
information before we proceed the contract. Then we will acknowledge once we
received buyer intention to purchase.
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Company
Name :
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Represented
By the owner & CEO :
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Address
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Passport
Number:
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How
many kilo to start with.
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Second
shipment
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Curats
24carats+
Purity
99.95% +
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1kg 10% less discount
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Third
shipment
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Mode
Of Payment
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4th
shipment
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Cell
Phone
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Are
you a buyer?s agent
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Buyer
need to pay his agent not the seller
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Are
you a trader
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Mode
of payment
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Buyer
need to show proof of fund before we proceed to assay the gold
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Tel
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Fax
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Quantity
first shipment
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Second
shipment
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Third
shipment
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Fourth
shipment
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Nationality
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Email
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Buyer Banking Information
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Banking
Detail
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BSB
Number
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Account
Name
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Account
Number
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Swift
code
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Address
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Telephone
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Manager
Name
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Fax
Number
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Email
Address
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Buyer refinery address overseas for final assay
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Refinery
name
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Address
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Tel:
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What
account refinery no. buyer have
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Fax
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Which
security logistics buyer would use
when the gold arrived buyer destination
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Website
of that logistics shipper
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email
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Refinery
website
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Contact
person
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Manager
of the refinery overseas for us to verify before gold to be shipe
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Note: Buyer passport and business license will required for us to determine
how serious is the buyer. Then we will send letter of acknowledgement and
contract base on the buyer information
International Seller mandate who handle sales and marketing on behalf of the seller, whom you can trust the most
Tel:+ 61406003528
skype: wilhelmina.ford
Minag125@yahoo.com.au
Tel: + 6140600352/+6145713413
INTERNATIONAL SELLER MANDATE/SALE MARKETER- BASE IN AUSTRALIA
http//www.facebook.com/WilhelminaFordgold
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 11:58:28 PM
PRECIOUS STONES
INVESTMENT S/L Ltd.
INVESTMENT S/L Ltd.
24 Main Kenkodu Road Koidu
Town Sierra Leone
E-mail: info@precioussinvestment.com 18/10/2019.FULL
CORPORATE OFFER
We Precious Stones
Investment S/L Ltd are ready, willing and able to declaring that the Gold
product is free and clear from non-criminal origin unencumbered and free of any
liens transferable and exportable. We are also declaring that we are the owner
and seller of the Gold product indicated below.
COMMODITY
SPECIFICATIONS:
a) COMMODITY: Aurum Utallum (AU)
b) FORM: Gold
BARS
c) PRICE: $30,000 USD Per kg
d) PURITY: 96.87% like minimum value and 99.9% like maximum value.
e) FINENESS: 22 karats plus
f) ASSAY: Final assay to be made by the refinery and this value will be accepted by both buyer and seller.
g) ORIGIN: Sierra Leone, West Africa.
h) PACKING: Export Package Boxes or any other suitable packaging commonly
d) PURITY: 96.87% like minimum value and 99.9% like maximum value.
e) FINENESS: 22 karats plus
f) ASSAY: Final assay to be made by the refinery and this value will be accepted by both buyer and seller.
g) ORIGIN: Sierra Leone, West Africa.
h) PACKING: Export Package Boxes or any other suitable packaging commonly
Used in the trade.
QUANTITY: The contractual quantity for sale to the Buyer Under the terms of this Agreement shall be 20-kgs for open door trial shipment.
PRICE:
The price
payable by the Buyer is $30,000 per kg at Cash & Carry
after testing the gold here in Sierra Leone with
your testing machine, But if buyer cannot afford to pay for the gold here in
Sierra Leone and want us to bring the gold to his refinery destination then
buyer will be responsible to pay for
Government Export duties for the 20kgs in Sierra Leone, Seller representative
will accompany the buyer and the goods to the buyer refinery and witness full payment
of the gold and the refinery assay result.
The buyer will
be responsible for the costs of moving the merchandise from its origin, to its refinery
destination country.
DELIVERY
TERMS:
a) The delivery terms for this FCO are on FOB/ CIF basis with taxes.
b) The final assay certificate from refinery assigned by buyer shall be
the final proof of gold content quality and quantity/weight and do the final
payment of the full amount.
c) The merchandise will be given to the Buyer once the refinery emits
the result of the purity obtained in the refined gold. The merchandise will be
guarded by the refinery, to the Buyer. The ownership of gold still remains
under the Seller, until it automatically passes to the Buyer, only once the
payment is effected as per this FCO.
PAYMENT
TERMS
The buyer will travel to seller country and pay all government taxes
and fly with seller to the refinery. The
full payment will be by means of Bank to Bank wire transfer within 48-72 hours
after the analysis assay report from the refinery. Our representative will be at
the refinery to witness the gold final assay report and payment into our
account.
DOCUMENTS:
Each sale shall be identified with all appropriate contract reference codes and numbers. Seller must provide the following documents to Buyer:
a.) Three originals of Commercial Invoices in favor of the Buyer.
b.) Certificate of Origin.
c.) Certificate of Ownership.
d.) Certificate of Movement.
e.) Declaration that the product is free and clear and of non-criminal origin, unencumbered and free of any liens, transferable and exportable.
f.) Gross weight and net weight.
e.) Declaration that the product is free and clear and of non-criminal origin, unencumbered and free of any liens, transferable and exportable.
f.) Gross weight and net weight.
g.) All necessary document for the
export-import of gold.
PROCEDURE: (In time sequence)
-
Interchange of FCO + DRAFT
CONTRACT, and any documentation to support the transaction from Buyer/Seller.
Options for
the signature of the contract:
a)
After Signature of the purchase
contract, the buyer will come to seller country for face to face meeting/ gold
inspection, in the country of origin of the merchandise. By the Buyer or his
representative, our representative will travel to the buyer country alongside
the gold and the Buyer will take good care of him and guarantee his safety in
the buyer country until the transaction is done.
b)
Seller guarantees that his
representative will accompany merchandise to the end Buyers' designated country
of choice and refinery.
Seller signature:
Buyer signature:
Name: R.Cole
President, Precious Stone?s
Investment Limited.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 11:57:40 PM
CREATIVITY
The human brain is not designed to be creative.It is designed to set up routine patterns and to use and follow these patterns.we may need to use routine patterns 98% of the time and only to be creative 2% of the time.To show this,there is a game where you start with a letter and then add another letter,a whole word has to be formed.
Start with a
Add t. The new word is at
Add c. The new word is cat
Add o. The new word is coat
Add r. The new word is actor
Until the addition of the ?r? it was quite simple to add the new letter to the existing ones to form a new word.With the r it was necessary to go back and completely restructure the use of the previous words.
We live over time.New information comes in over time.we add this new information to what we already have to go back and restructure what we had before.This is creativity.More often we are not forced to go back.we stick to what we have.If we choose to go back and restructure then we get a much better arrangement.This is creativity we choose to use.If doors are normally rectangular and you suggest a triangular door,that is not creative in less you can show value for the new shape.
The argument that creativity cannot be taught is usually based on pointing to extreme cases of creativity talent,such as Einstein,Newton.But imagine a row of people lined up to run a race.The starting signal is given and the race is run.someone comes first and someone comes last.Their performance depends on their natural running ability.
Now if all the runners have some training ,they all finish the race much faster than before.However,someone still first and someone still comes last.
So if we do nothing about creativity then obviously creative ability depends only on natural talent.But if we provide training,structures and systematic techniques,then we raise the general level of creative ability.Some people will be much better than others but everyone will acquire some creative skill.
Creativity is no longer a mysterious gift or special talent.we can now see creativity as the behavior of a self organizing information system that makes patterns which is your brain.Once we can understand the underlying system,then we can design tools for the deliberate use of creativity.These tools can be very powerful.It need no longer be a matter of sitting and waiting for ideas and inspiration.We can do certain things that will result in the brain having new ideas.
THE RANDOM WORD TOOL FOR CREATIVITY ?
You have your focus.you know where you want to generate new ideas.You then obtain a random word. Nouns are easiest to use,so use a noun.You can obtain your random word in several ways.
You may keep a list of 60 words on a card in your pocket.You then glance at your watch.If the second hand shows 27 seconds,you select word number 27 from your list.
You could also choose a page number in a dictionary and then specify the tenth(or other) word down on that page.You continue downwards until you come to a noun.You could do this with any book with a page and line number.
You could put words written on slips of paper into a bag and then pick one out.
All of these are practical ways of obtaining a random word.Once you have your random word,you then use this random word to generate ideas about the subject.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 6:13:22 PM
ROYAL GOLD
LAPAZ-ACCRA.TEL:+23354423217, +233 30208085. EMAIL: royalbiz@gmail.com
FULL CORPORATE OFFER FOR AU GOLD
Our Ref: RGMC137
Your Ref: - __________________________ Date: 26/11/2019
ATTN: BS.CONNERMER SL
B54930920
PLAZA AYUNTAMIENTO N 2-1-4A
ALICANTE
MR. AITOR TRAVESI OROSCO
FULL CORPORATE OFFER FOR 10KGS OF GOLD BARS
I hereby confirm with full corporate responsibility, under penalty of perjury, that we
are the seller for the above referenced Gold, for sale in the international market.
The consignment, being offered, is available and pretty much genuine. Additionally, we
further confirm that we are bona-fide owners with the power to enter into any
meaningful transaction. With the knowledge of the act of fraud, we understand the
fact that we are civilly and criminally liable under our control as sellers for this
business transaction. As such, this copy; either, by facsimile, email, or hard copy, shall
be accepted as original and binding document by all the parties involved.
As the seller, we are ready, willing and able to deliver the consignment with the following
specifications:
Commodity : Gold bars
Purity : 94.6%+ pure, 22+ct
Total Quantity: 10KGS
Monthly Delivery: 50-70kgs. 1 YEAR CONTRACT
Price per Kg: 32,000 USD
Packing : Packed in metal boxes suitable for airfreight
Shipment : Hand Carry
Destination : Spain
Payment Terms: Full payment after final assay from buyers stated refinery.
*Seller has agreed to carry 10kgs to the buyer destination in Spain under his own cost for the final assay and
Payment.
*Buyer has agreed to issue invitation and pay visa for the seller to enable him carry the 10kgs of gold to his
Destination.
I look forward to your positive response with respect to the signing of this FCO to enable us
proceed with this business. Be alive to the fact that you are dealing with a serious, committed but
above all, honest seller who looks into the long-term business venture.
Yours faithfully, BUYER
ROYAL
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:44:24 AM
REFERENCE NUMBER AND TRANSACTION CODE
DATE OF ISSUE : 11-011-2017
SELLER?S CODE : XP PRESTIGE1001/23T
BUYER?S CODE :
GOLD DUST/ BARS/ NUGGETS FULL CORPORATE OFFER
We XP Prestige Company Limited (Seller Company) with full corporate authority and legal
responsibility under penalty of perjury do hereby officially offer/ confirm our willingness and
readiness to sell our AU Metal (Gold Dust, Gold Bars, Gold Nuggets) with the undermentioned
specifications, as per the following terms and conditions:
Product Gold Dust/ Gold Bars/ Gold Nuggets
Purity 95.5% or more
Form/ Carat +23carat
Quantity 50KG
Price $ 30,200
Origin GHANA, WEST AFRICA
Payment FOB/CIF (Negotiable between Buyer & Seller)
SELLING CONDITIONS & PROCEDURES
Seller sends FCO tobuyer.
Buyer & Seller have face to face meeting in seller?s export office in Accra-Ghana, buyer
inspect all the goods, conduct initialtest.
Buyer & Seller signsMOU.
Buyer will document the gold for export in his/ her name and address to enable smoothand
legal shipment. The cost incurred will be deducted from the final payment.
Seller together with Buyer commences shipment to Buyer Final Refinery destination prior to
departure, copy of export documentations will be sent out to the Buyer/ Refinery via email.
Seller?s Rep and Buyer?s Rep will accompany the gold cargo for delivery to the Buyer?sRefinery.
Buyer will be responsible for clearing of the gold cargo at the import customs of airport
transport the gold cargo to his refinery for analysis and the hotel accommodation of sellersReps
during his stay for the assay analysis and full payment.
After smelting and issuing a new assay report, the buyer will transfer the agreed price tothe
sellers? bank account by swift/wire, less the exportation cost incurred in procedure#.4
Both the seller and buyer shall accept the final assay result at the final buyer?s refinery as
the bases for payment.
This offer is valid for 14 working days from the date herein. Thanks you and hoping to do long term
business with you.
Best regards,
Francis Atta
(Seller)
Tel: 00233-5430792
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:44:06 AM
Rue 341, Banconi, Porte 241
Bamako Republique Du Mali
Email: aborzga@hotmail.com
Tel: +96650447803
Ref No 00138/GCM08/16
ATTN:
BUYER
FULL
CORPORATE OFFER
I, IBRAHAN DIAKITE, with full legal and
corporate responsibility, and under penalty of perjury, with full knowledge of
the act of fraud; and as the Seller or Authorized Seller?s Mandatory, are
ready, willing and able to deliver the herein offered (Au) metal under the
following terms and conditions:
Terms and conditions:
Commodity: AU Gold Bar
Form: Dory Bar
Purity: 93.6%+
Quantity: 500kg every month
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Origin: (MALI) Price: $28,000usd Per Kg CIF
Payment: Swift Transfer
Carat: 22.60+
Procedures
1. The
Seller issues a full corporate offer - FCO
2. The
Buyer will sign the FCO and returns it to the Seller.
3. The
seller and the Buyer will sign and seal the contract and exchange it by
electronic means.
4. Buyer
will issue LC VIA MT 760 swift confirmation to Seller Nominated Bank Account
against delivery in favor of Seller as per the sales and purchase
agreement.
5. Seller
prepares commodity for shipping and informs Buyer of departure date and arrival
date of shipment and sends copies of all required documents via email,
including complete flight details for shipment.
6. Seller
is responsible for all exportation Charges in Country of Origin of gold up to
Free zone air Port of buyer designated Refinery.
7. The
Sellers representative will accompany every shipment starting from the first
shipment of 500kg to Buyer Refinery for the Assay of the GOLD and all expenses
for the Assay and Refinery shall be at the Buyer Account.
8. Other
shipment shall follow every month for 12 months.
9. If
the purity of gold Dory bars is less than 93.6% the seller agrees to adjust the
price accordingly.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:43:16 AM
Our Ref:GIG/05633/2017
FULL CORPORATE OFFER
With Regards to your Request for the Purchase of our Alluvial Gold Dore Bars, we the above
mention Local Mining Corporation group (GIG Company Ltd) being in service under the c/o
Mr. Michel Kamdem with PASSPORT No: 01541766 CEO Designated as the Local Miner of the
above Mention Corporation hereby confirms with full legal and corporate responsibility under
penalty of perjury, that our corporation is ready, willing and able to enter into a contract to sell
AU Gold Dore Bars under the following terms and conditions:
Commodity : Gold Dore bars
Purity : 99.99 % pure, +24 carats purity
Quantity : 500Kgs
Fixed Price : $30,000usd per kg
Packing : Packed in 1metal box suitable for airfreight
Shipment : By Airfreight Government recognized freight and export agency
Commission : buyer and seller agree on. (TBA)
Origin : Cameroon and sierra leone
Location : Eastern Region (Bertoua)
Destination : Buyer's Choice
GIG MINERS CO. LTD
35 Rue de la gare Ayos Bertoua Cameroon
BP 4331 Cameroon Reg No 4005
Tel: +237675942977
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. DOCUMENTS ACCOMPANYING MERCHANDISE
This delivery shall be accompanied by:
1. A Certificate of Origin
2.A Certificate Of Ownership
3.4 copies of Commercial Invoice from the consigner
4.Preliminary Assay Certificate IRGM Yaound? Cameroon
5. Certificate of Non Criminal Origin
6.Certificate of Photosynatry
7.Shippers Instruction for airway bill Issuing
8. Shipment Packing List
9. Safe Keeping Receipt
CIF PROCEDUES PRIOR SHIPMENT
1.) Seller sends FCO and Draft Contract to the buyer for Verification.
2. Buyers Receives FCO and Draft Contract, sign and sealed, then Forwarded back to the Seller for
verification before showing the signed documents to the Corporation Local Miners Store Keeper for
the Release of the first tranche of Merchandise needed..
3.) Sellers side goes over signed contract and immediately forward the Gold Dore Bars, would be
pre-Assayer by the Ministry of Scientific Research with a copy of the pre-Assayer Results issued out
to be forwarded to the Buyers end as a Reference copy to their Buyers Gold Refinery. (Buyers end
should note here that, the pre assayer carried out from our Government is necessary here even
though we don?t have good technological Devises for such test. This is because we don?t even have a
single refinery in our country to test out gold. So all this is done by our Ministry of Scientific
Research)
GIG MINERS CO. LTD
35 Rue de la gare Ayos Bertoua Cameroon
BP 4331 Cameroon Reg No 4005
Tel: +237675942977
Email: Giggoldminers@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.) Upon receiving the Pre Assayer Test Results, Seller side would immediately get dated pictures
with news paper covers of the gold dore bars to be ship with Buyers names and address written and
placed inside the boxes of Gold and would immediately Book a day to deposit the Gold at the Ministry of Mines
prior to Obtain a CEMAC BUYERS PERMIT for the shipment of the said cargo.
Note:
(The Buyer side should get it clear here that, these are Cameroon Obligatory procedures for the sales
of Precious Metals on International bases for the Cameroon Ministry of Mines would have to give us
a date for us to bring printed hard copies of our signed SPA for approval alongside the goods and the
pre assayer test result sheet from our Ministry of Scientific Research.
During this period of time, the Ministry of Mines storage house upon receiving these documents and
the goods at our appointed date would have to communicate with the Buyers end on an Interview
Bases, a time schedule would be given for that due to time differences. The interview would be done
either on a direct phone communication with the Buyers end or Skype communication. This would be
done in order to find out if they are willing and able to get the consignment from us and while not get
into a long term trade with our corporation that would bring about development in a long Run. Also
to find out if the buyers end got any bad records out there in terms of International trade.
All Results being negative, then the whole deal would be canceled out and we shall get back our Gold.
We shall provide the buyers end with such guide of questions they shall ask your side for the
Interview.
(5 Upon Confirmation of a positive Test results from the Interview with the Buyers end, the Ministry
of Mines storage house would at this moment registered down the amount of Gold they have receive
for shipment, forward a copy of our SPA to their contract department for procession and approval
and as well issue out their COMFIRMATION LETTER, SKR as well as their PROFORMA
INVOICE for the payments of the said CEMAC BUYERS PERMIT.
GIG MINERS CO. LTD
35 Rue de la gare Ayos Bertoua Cameroon
BP 4331 Cameroon Reg No 4005
Tel: +237675942977
Email: Giggoldminers@gmail.com
_______________________________________________________________________________
The cost of the said cemac buyer permit is $5500usd and it is valid for 5 years renewable and the
fee is paid directly to the Cameroon Ministry of Mines account to obtain the permit before the
government can approve contract and authorize the seller to ship the gold to buyers refinery for
final assayer and payments for the goods as well.
(6) Ministry approves contract within few days and forward copies to both parties for verification
and Confirmation and would as well forward the goods to the Ministry of Transport for shipment
with the Seller paying for the shipment allocation fee, Cost, insurances and freight charges for the
gold to depart to buyer?s destination.
(7) Ministry recognized Freight and Export agency get in contact with buyer with all shipping
Documents forwarded to the Buyer as well as the Air Way Bill (AWB) and TRACKING NUMBER
for Easy tracking of the package so as to get the Precise date of arrival at Buyer?s Airport.(These
shipping documents would be Certified as well If needed hard copies by the buyer).
8) Gold Dore Bars shipped to buyer?s destination port accompany by sellers Agent if needed.( The
sellers Commercial agent would hold a copy of the Commercial Invoice to present to the Buyers end
for the payments to be made after the Final Assayer report)
9) Gold Dore Bars Received by buyer in the presence of Sellers Agent.
10.) Buyers end upon receiving goods would made all payments to their government taxes, fees and
shipment expenses from airport to Gold Refinery in the presence of Sellers Representatives
11.) Assayer of Gold Dore Bars carried on in the presence of seller?s representatives. Upon the
completion of the the assayer. The Buyers end will transfer their funds back to Seller?s account
within 72 hours.
12.) Upon final confirmation of the first trance. The seller?s side
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:39:07 AM
QUESTION: What is phonetics and what is phonology?
ANSWER:
Phonetics is the study of sounds and is concerned with the production, audition and perception of o speech sounds
(called phones). On the other hand, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language and operates
at the level of sound systems and abstract sound units. You can actually change one word into another by simply
changing one sound. Consider the differences between the words bile and pile. The words are identical except for the
first sound. [b] and [p] can therefore distinguish words, and are called contrasting sounds. They are distinctive sounds in
English, and all distinctive sounds are classified as phonemes.
Minimal Pairs
Minimal pairs are words with different meanings that have the same sounds except for one. These contrasting sounds
can either be consonants or vowel. The words real and rule are also exactly the same except for the vowel sound. The
examples from above, bile and pile, are also minimal pairs. The words din and tin are minimal pairs because they are
exactly the same except for the first sound one contrastive sound are minimal pairs. Another feature of minimal pairs is
overlapping distribution. Sounds that occur in phonetic environments that are identical are said to be in overlapping
distribution.
Free Variation
Some words in English are pronounced differently by different speakers. This is noticeable among American English
speakers and British English speakers, as well as dialectal differences.
Phones and Allophones
Phonemes are not physical sounds. They are abstract mental representations of the phonological units of a language.
Phones are considered to be any single speech sound of which phonemes are made. Phonemes are a family of phones
regarded as a single sound and represented by the same symbol. The different phones that are the realization of a
phoneme are called allophones of that phoneme. The use of allophones is not random, but rule-governed. No one is
taught these rules as they are learned subconsciously when the native language is acquired. To distinguish between a
phoneme and its allophones, we use slashes // to enclose phonemes and brackets [] to enclose allophones or phones.
For example, [i] and [ĩ] are allophones of the phoneme /i/; [ɪ] and [ɪ̃] are allophones of the phoneme /ɪ/.
If two sounds are allophones of the same phoneme, they are said to be in complementary distribution.
These sounds cannot occur in minimal pairs and they cannot change the meaning of otherwise identical
words. If you interchange the sounds, you will only change the pronunciation of the words, not the
meaning. Native speakers of the language regard the two allophones as variations of the same sound.
To hear this, start to say the word cool (your lips should be pursed in anticipation of /u/ sound), but then
say kill instead (with your lips still pursed.) Your pronunciation of kill should sound strange because cool
and kill are pronounced with different allophones of the phoneme /k/.
Nasalized vowels are allophones of the same phoneme in English. Take, for example, the sounds in
bad and ban. The phoneme is /?/, however the allophones are [?] and [?̃]. Yet in French, nasalized
vowels are not allophones of the same phonemes. They are separate phonemes. The words beau [bo]
and bon [b?] are not in complementary distribution because they are minimal pairs and have
contrasting sounds. Changing the sounds changes the meaning of the words. This is just one example
of differences between languages.
Phonological Rules
Assimilation: sounds become more like neighboring sounds, allowing for ease of articulation or
pronunciation; such as vowels are nasalized before nasal consonants
- Harmony: non-adjacent vowels become more similar by sharing a feature or set of features (common
in Finnish)
- Gemination: sound becomes identical to an adjacent sound
- Regressive Assimilation: sound on left is the target, and sound on right is the trigger
Dissimilation: sounds become less like neighboring sounds; these rules are quite rare, but one example
in English is [fɪfθ] becoming [fɪft] (/f/ and /θ/ are both fricatives, but /t/ is a stop)
Epenthesis: insertion of a sound, e.g. Latin "homre" became Spanish "hombre"
- Prothesis: insertion of vowel sound at beginning of word
- Anaptyxis: vowel sound with predictable quality is inserted word-internally
- Paragoge: insertion of vowel sound at end of word
- Excrescence: consonant sound inserted between other consonants (also called stop-intrusion)
Deletion: deletion of a sound; e.g. French word-final consonants are deleted when the next word begins
with a consonant (but are retained when the following word begins with a vowel)
- Aphaeresis: vowel sound deleted at beginning of word
- Syncope: vowel sound is deleted word-internally
- Apocope: vowel sound deleted at end of word
Metathesis: reordering of phonemes; in some dialects of English, the word asked is pronounced [?ks];
children's speech shows many cases of metathesis such as aminal for animal
Lenition: consonant changes to a weaker manner of articulation; voiced stop becomes a fricative,
fricative becomes a glide, etc.
Palatalization: sound becomes palatal when adjacent to a front vowel Compensatory Lengthening:
sound becomes long as a result of sound loss, e.g. Latin "octo" became Italian "otto"
Assimilation in English
Let us have a look at the formation of plurals and the past tense in English. When pluralizing nouns, the
last letter is pronounced as either [s], [z], or [əz]. When forming past tenses of verbs, the -ed ending is
pronounced as either [t], [d], [əd]. If you were to sort words into three columns, you would be able to tell
why certain words are followed by certain sounds:
Plurals
/s/ /z/ /əz/
cats dads churches
tips bibs kisses
laughs dogs judges
Past Tense
/t/ /d/ /əd/
kissed loved patted
washed jogged waded
coughed teased seeded
Hopefully, we can determine which consonants produce which sounds. In the nouns, /s/ is added after
voiceless consonants, and /z/ is added after voiced consonants. /əz/ is added after sibilants. For the
verbs, /t/ is added after voiceless consonants, and /d/ is added after voiced consonants. /əd/ is added
after alveolar stops. The great thing about this is that no one ever taught you this in school. But thanks
to linguistics, you now know why there are different sounds (because of assimiliation rules, the
consonants become more like their neighboring consonants.)
Writing Rules
General phonological rule is A → B / D __ E (said: A becomes B when it occurs between D and E)
Other symbols in rule writing include: C = any obstruent, V = any vowel, ? = nothing, # = word
boundary, ( ) = optional, and { } = either/or. A deletion rule is A → ? / E __ (A is deleted when it occurs
after E) and an insertion rule is ? → A / E __ (A is inserted when it occurs after E).
Alpha notation is used to collapse similar assimilation rules into one. C → [Α voice] / __ [Α voice] (An
obstruent becomes voiced when it occurs before a voiced obstruent AND an obstruent becomes
voiceless when it occurs before a voiceless obstruent.) Similarly, it can be used for dissimilation rules
too. C → [-Α voice] / __ [Α voice] (An obstruent becomes voiced when it occurs before a voiceless
obstruent AND an obstruent becomes voiceless when it occurs before a voiced obstruent.) Gemination
rules are written as C1C2 → C2C2 (for example, pd → dd)
Syllable Structure
Three peaks to a syllable: nucleus (vowel), onset (consonant before nucleus) and coda (consonant
after nucleus.) The onset and coda are both optional, meaning that a syllable could contain a vowel and
nothing else. The nucleus is required in every syllable by definition. The order of the peaks is always
onset - nucleus - coda. All languages permit open syllables (Consonant + Vowel), but not all languages
allow closed syllables (Consonant + Vowel + Consonant). Languages that only allow open syllables are
called CV languages. In addition to not allowing codas, some CV languages also have constraints on
the number of consonants allowed in the onset.
The sonority profile dictates that sonority must rise to the nucleus and fall to the coda in every
language. The sonority scale (from most to least sonorous) is vowels - glides - liquids - nasals -
obstruents. Sonority must rise in the onset, but the sounds cannot be adjacent to or share a place of
articulation (except [s] in English) nor can there be more than two consonants in the onset. This
explains why English allows some consonant combinations, but not others. For example, price [prajs] is
a well-formed syllable and word because the sonority rises in the onset (p, an obstruent, is less
sonorous than r, a liquid); however, rpice [rpajs] is not a syllable in English because the sonority does
not rise in the onset.
The Maximality Condition posits that onsets are as large as possible up to the well-formedness rules
of a language. Onsets are always preferred over codas when syllabifying words.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:32:28 AM
NURS3102 Clinical Practice, University of New Castle
This course provides the clinical basis for the nursing care of patients of all ages. What is important in
this course is the provable skill in critical thinking and clinical reasoning. All these relate to assessment,
planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing as well as good communication skills and
teamwork.
The Importance of NURS3102 Clinical Practice, University of New Castle
This course helps the nurse to communicate and collaborate effectively with the customers, families and
other careers in the clinical environment. Furthermore, it helps the nurse to apply knowledge and skills
of effective communication, and teamwork, and to demonstrate effective written and verbal
communication while in service.
Are You in Need of NURS3102 Clinical Practice Assignment Help?
Some of the most common reasons why a student finds it hard to cope with assignments are: because a
properly done assignment should have good content and is properly formatted. The assignment needs
to explain the topic questions appropriately. The student should ensure that the assignment does not
deviate from the topic or question, but at the same time it should be plagiarism free. Furthermore, the
student has got little time to do research about the topic and write the assignment for submission
before the stipulated time. This causes a lot of anxiety and stress to the student for it is indeed a huge
burden. That is why Expertminds come to the rescue of the student writing the assignment. Expertminds
have the capability to tackle all kinds of assignments since they have highly qualified tutors who have
been in the educational and academic environment long enough to know all the goes into the writing of
masterpiece assignments required by professors marking assignments under NURS3102 Clinical Practice.
How Does it Work?
Whenever students receive an assignment under NURS3102 Clinical Practice they do not hesitate to
contact Expertminds to help out with the writing of the assignment. A student may be unprepared or is
facing a health challenge to be able to write a proper assignment and get good grades. Qualified tutors
respond to the student's questions online and quote the price. The student has a chance to explain his
requirements and expectations and because Expertminds have experienced and are highly trained
tutors who work on the assignments, the student will rest assured that he will get the assignment back
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days a week such that there is a guarantee of service delivery at any given time. Moreover, the student
is free to reach out to Expertminds with questions from anywhere they are since it is an online service.
The student thus has enough time for other critical activities in campus.
In addition to this, there is no risk at all to the student in reaching out to Expertminds for assistance with
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Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:32:15 AM
Finding San Antonio Home Builder
When you have finally decided to build a house it is very critical that you consider
choosing a good San Antonio home builder. It can be very frustrating to start a new
project without first getting a qualified person in that field to go with you every step of
the way. A home is important to human beings. From the start to the end of the project
all details have to be carefully considered to avoid problems and losses. When selecting
a good San Antonio home builder the following factors need to be carefully observed:
1. Their reputation
The reputation of a San Antonio home builder is very crucial for you to know. Ask
around and see if anyone in the neighborhood has worked with them or is familiar with
them. Look for the local directories in your area to find out more about the San Antonio
home builder. He must have a good reputation to start with.
2. Their experience
You need to get a San Antonio home builder who has worked long enough in the
construction industry. Avoid novices who might want to zero-in on your naivety and take
your hard-earned money after doing some shoddy job. You will have to regret. Go for an
experienced professional.
3. He listens
A good San Antonio home builder should be a good listener. You do not want to have
someone who ignores your views. The person must be willing to give you advice on
how to go about building a great home. A good listener is your sure bet.
4. Their license
A true San Antonio home builder is one who is already licensed and insured for the job.
Carefully scrutinize his documents to find out if he is duly registered with the relevant
government agencies. A trusted San Antonio home builder is one with an insurance
cover card from a trustworthy company. Do not over-look this important aspect.
5. Their expertise
A qualified San Antonio home builder must have the necessary expertise in the field.
The person must be well-trained to build. You need to verify that the person went to
college to get the required skills.
6. A Detailed, Organized Person
A reliable San Antonio home builder must be an organized person with an eye for
details. He must have learned the ropes of home building long enough to spot any
anomalies. You do not want to hire someone who falters along and does things rashly.
7. Their Patience
When selecting a good San Antonio home builder you need to find someone who is
patient. You should hire somebody who will not irritate you by asking for payment every
now and then. Get a San Antonio home builder who is understanding and willing
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:31:59 AM
MAKING MONEY THROUGH YOUR WRITING AND BLOGGING
Prove you can deliver. People believe what they see.
If you say you are a great writer, then give your writing samples right
away after the meat. Let the client actually taste and see that your
writing is good.
It is best to link to your writing samples instead of using attachments.
In short, if you have written two amazing samples and you have them
in your computer, publish one on Medium and another one on
LinkedIn. Google how to do this if you don`t know. It should take you
a few minutes.
Once published, be sending the links to your BEST samples as proof
you can deliver.
5. The answers
This is where lazy freelancers get caught. And this is where a client
sees which freelancer is serious.
In some Upwork jobs, a client asks a few questions. Make sure you
actually answer these questions comprehensively. Don`t skip them
and don`t write some lazy arrogant responses.
You don`t have to write a composition here, but just be
straightforward and clear with your answers.
6. The length
A proposal shouldn`t be an entire newspaper. I usually mirror a
client`s post length. If a client has a long job post, I do a longer
proposal. If the client is job post is short, I do a proposal with just a
few sentences.
You don`t have to copy this. You must use your mind in every
proposal. Be wise. Some clients can have a job post with just two
sentences, but you will need to have a 5 paragraph proposal to aptly
take care of their needs.
So, do this...
Keep the length as short as possible, making sure every word counts.
Most of my proposals just have a few sentences i.e. 3 to 5 short
paragraphs. I also make sure I answer the client`s screening
questions comprehensively.
7. The closing
It is so hard for human beings to say thank you. You can provide
value to a crowd for 90 years but just a few will verbally appreciate.
However, you do one wrong thing and the whole world will pounce
on you.
In short, the world has a shortage of gratitude.
And that is where your power lies.
Finish your proposals with gratitude.
High chances are the client is under-appreciated like most other
human beings.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:31:43 AM
Academic Session 2020
July Semester
Assignment 1
BBM207/05 Human Resource Management
Question 1 (a) The purpose of the Employment Act 1955 is to provide minimum terms of
employment to employees covered by the Act in the private sector. Describe the provision of
sick leave (medical leave) to employees as per the Act
Answer:
A registered medical practitioner as to define the term refers to any person who has a university
degree in Medicine and is duly licensed to work as a doctor in his geographical region or
jurisdiction. This is according to www.lawinsider.com website.
A registered medical practitioner also refers to an individual who has acquired the relevant
medical qualifications according to the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and has been listed in
the state register on medical practice. Additionally, this professional must have training and
experience in gynaecology and obstetrics (www.lawinsider.com). Also, a registered medical
practitioner refers to any person who has obtained formal listing or enrollment in state medical
council after completing first degree medical course in a college or university that is recognized
by the government (www.quora.com).
In the United Kingdom when a doctor becomes licensed as a medical practitioner their bio-data
would be made available for public viewing on the General Medical Council website (
datadictionary.nhs.uk ). These details would include the person's reference number, age, year and
name of medical school they attended, health status, date of registration and registration status.
In every country a doctor or medical professional is legally allowed to practice medicine only
after getting registered in the relevant state or govenmental medical register. Any doctor or
medical officer who engaged in medical practice without being licensed to do so commits a
criminal offense which is punishable by law.
Careers and opportunities available for registered medical practitioners include the following:
employment opportunities in government hospitals and health departments and centres as doctors
or clinical officers; jobs as medical practitioners in private hospitals and dispensaries, own
private practice, management and administrative roles in hospitals and medical research centres,
research roles and PhD programs, medical professor or tutor, and medical transcription work
(blog.pharmafranchisehelp.org).
According to Merrium-Webster dicictionary a registered medical practitioner is a person who is
skilled in the science of medicine, or simply, a doctor. According to medical-
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com, medical practitioner is commonly referred to as physician. All
the above try to explain or give some of the definitions of the term registered medical
practitioner.
Sick Leave Entitlement
According to www.malaysianbar.org.my there are provisions for a paid sick leave although
limits are there. The worst thing to happen to an employee would be to have his job terminated
on account of his illness. The unpleasant situation is common not just in Malaysia but in other
countries as well. That is where the Employment Act, 1955 of the Malaysian Laws has this
provision to govern the conduct of employers and employees. An employee is there to render
important services to or on behalf of the employer. This is a contractual relationship. Where an
employee reports to work but is unhealthy or unable to work because of ill health this is absurd.
On the other hand, where an employee requests for a sick leave but is denied this becomes a
serious breach of the law on the part of the employer. In other cases, where an employee abuses
the sick leave by overstaying at home then there would be no other choice for the employer but
to wait for the employee to return to work or just terminate the contract. In larger companies and
organizations when an employee falls sick and is forced to stay away from work for long, the
colleagues may step in to assist with work duties. This ensures that the effect of the sick
employee's absence from work are lessened. A sick employee therefore is entitled to paid sick
leave of up to a number of days in the month depending on how long the employee has been
working at the organization. This is according to the Employment Act, 1955.
During the employment stage, that is, when one is being accepted to join an organization as an
employee in Malaysia it is recommended that the employer drafts a document or letter stipulating
the acceptable period of paid sick leave entitled to the employee.
According to the Employment Act, 1955 an employee is entitled to fourteen days of paid sick
leave within the first two years of work at a particular organization. After the individual has
served for at least two years the number of days rises to eighteen, and to twenty two days of paid
sick leave, if having served for at least five years.
Hospitalization Leave Entitlement
According to www.ajobthing.com medical leave is granted to employees to stay home when they
are sick but still keep earning money. In the same vein, hospitalization leave covers the period
that the employee receives hospital care.
This must be approved and signed by a registered medical practitioner. The circumstances under
which hospitalization leave address include the following: when an employee underwent a
surgical operation, though as an outpatient; when the person is on bed rest at home or at hospital
as prescribed by the doctor; or the patient requires further medical care after getting discharged
from hospital and ordered to rest at home to recover.
In the Employment Act, 1955 of the Malaysian Laws an employee is entitled to a paid sick leave
as follows: fourteen days of paid sick leave if below two years of work at the organization,
eighteen days of paid sick leave if having served more than two years but not more than five
years at the organization, and twenty-two days of paid sick leave if having served more than five
years at the organization.
Workers under the Employment Act, 1955, where hospitalization is needed are entitled to sixty
days of paid sick leave. This is after they have been approved by a registered medical
practitioner or doctor. However, there are other employees in Malaysia who are not under the
Employment Act, 1955. Their needs and entitlements are safeguarded by their organization's
employment policies and contracts.
Dental Medical Care
According to the Employment Act, 1955 of the Malaysian Laws every employee is entitled to
medical care and dental health care. If an employee is suffering from a dental health problem
while at work he is entitled to a paid sick leave as well as hospitalization leave provided he has
been approved by a registered medical practitioner or dental surgeon.
Duty to Inform Employer
It is the duty of every employee according to the Employment Act, 1955 of the Malaysian Laws
to give prior notice of absence from work on account of his illness the the employer. In case the
employee becomes absent from work with no prior notice of such it becomes a breach of contract
with the employer and would be treated as abscondment which is an offense. This could likely
lead to his services being terminated.
Sick Leave vs. Maternity Leave and Temporary Disablement
A woman who has served for not less than ninety days for one employer in Malaysia will be
entitled to a maternity leave. In this case, the woman will not be fired or replaced with someone
else during her time of confinement. Maternity Leave is different from sick leave. This is a paid
two-month maternity leave given to an expectant woman to go and give birth and nurse her
suckling baby. A sick leave, on the other hand, is granted to a sick employee who might not be
hospitalized. In case of temporary disablement as a result of injury, accident or any other causes,
an employee is granted leave to go and get hospitalization or just take time off to recuperate.
This is agreeable on a case by case basis. The duration is also agreed upon by the employee and
employer. In some cases, with regards to maternity leave, some companies in Malaysia let their
employers to extend their two-month maternity leave, although with no payment.
Question 2
a)
Develop a Job Description for the position of Finance Manager. You are required to include
duties and responsibilities, reporting line, supervision, special duties and working conditions.
Job Title
This is a mid-level senior management job posting dealing with financial issues of an
organization. Finance Manager is critical to the success of the organization and they operate in
most sectors like banking, health care, education, agriculture and insurance.
Department
The Finance Manager in collaboration with the Finance Director are in charge of the financial
department and they both oversee all the activities taking place on a daily basis in the finance
department, especially staff supervision and collection of daily reports from them.
Reporting Line
The Finance Manager's line of duty involves being in constant touch and rapport with his
superior, the Finance Director and below him are the junior accountants and clerks.
Supervision
The Finance Manager supervises the finance department and related departments like
procurement office as well as petty cash office.
Duties and Responsibilities
The Finance Manager's Roles include monitoring the everyday financial activities in an
organization. These include in-house expenditures like car fuels, electricity bill payment, staff
salaries and remunerations, meals, purchases and invoicing. He also prepares research schemes
for data analysis on behalf of the top management in the company or organization. He also
ensures that proper procedures in accounting are adhered to. Furthermore; he manages cash
flows into and out of the organization and prepares a balance sheet. In addition to that, Finance
Manager is instrumental in the analysis of projects undertaken by the company
(www.glassdoor.com).
Special Duties
Some of the special duties assigned to the Finance Manager in any organization include
developing long-term budgetary plans for the company, to predict or make a forecast for future
markets and fiscal trends that may impact on the company, also, his duty is to report to the senior
level administrative organs of the organization as well as develop business relationships with
investors.
Working Conditions
A Finance Manager needs to be stress tolerant. He should be able to work with many people with
diverse views who might at times subject him to criticism. He should also possess the virtue of
self-control, for him to be able to keep calm in difficult situations.
Benefits and Salary
According to collegegrade.com the average salary annually for the finance manager is $129,890.
Since financial managers are controllers of an organization, i.e. they are in charge of the drafting
of fiscal reports and predict the future fiscal status of the company with instruments such as
income statements and balance sheets they are deserving of such high remunerations.
Additionally, they are granted paid annual leave, paid study leave, supported with morgage plans
and have got great pension schemes for retirement.
(b) Develop Job Specifications for the Position of Finance Manager including qualifications,
related experience, skills, knowledge, behavior and special demands.
Qualifications
A successful Finance Manager must have a degree in either one or more of the following:
Economics, Management, Accountancy or Finance, Business Studies or Commerce and/or
Mathematics (www.roberthalf.com).
Language
Language is vital in a business environment since it is the basis of all sound communication
within and without a business entity. Effective communication skills is a requirement for every
finance manager to succeed. He needs to possess both excellent written and spoken language
skills. This helps the employees and senior administration to make better informed decisions
(Indeed.com).
Experience
The Finance Manager should have at least one year experience at entry level position as a cash
manager; i.e. monitoring the flow of money into and out of the company. Furthermore, since
finance manager is a risk manager, i.e. controls risks controlled involved in financial strategies
he needs to to have served in a similar role before, something like a one-year experience
(collegegrade.com).
Skills
Finance Manager job requires that an individual must possess strong leadership skills, public
speaking skills, communication skills, organizational skills, problem-solving skills, data
analytical skills, research skills, critical thinking skills, computer skills, planning skills, and
multi-tasking skills (www.monster.co.uk).
Knowledge
Because a financial manager job is a hands-on job the potential candidate for recruitment for this
position should be knowledgeable in in this fields: accounting and economic principles as well as
banking and financial markets, he should have deep knowledge of business and management
principles, leadership issues, psychology, human resource management, customer support
principles, knowledge of mathematics and as well as knowledge of sales and marketing
principles.
Behaviour
Finance Manager should be a person who is dependable at all times by fulfilling the obligations
of the set by the company. A Finance Manager should be adaptable to the fast-changing
environment especially by embracing the new technologies
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 5:31:23 AM
HUMBLE PRAYERFUL SONG TO GOD Prosperous are the decent in the way, Who tread in the way of God! Prosperous are those who stick to His counsel, Who grope for Him whole- heartedly! They do no harm to others; They walk in obedience and integrity. You have advised us To follow you deliberately. So that our lives have meaning. To keep Your decrees! Then I will never be despised by men, When I study all your precepts. I am moved to worship you, When I study your laws. I will honour Your testaments; May you not forget me. How can a man purge his life? By obeying your instructions. I am seeking you wholeheartedly Help me not to go astray. I am keeping your priceless law in my heart So that I may never falter. You are wonderful God Instruct me in your ways. I must keep praising you Because of all your decrees. I am awed by your wonderful counsel, And by all your treasures. I keep thinking about your teachings, As well as all your wisdom. I keep priding myself in your knowledge I will never ignore your lessons. Be lenient on me So that I may honour you. Open my mind`s eyes, so that I may notice Amazing things from your teachings. I am a pilgrim on the planet; May you never hide yourself from me. My heart breaks down in despair For your presence at all times. You shame the wicked?the villain, Who despise your laws. Protect me from shame For I have obeyed your commands. People plot against me Though I honour your precepts. Your counsel pleases me. My life is ebbing away; Rejuvenate me with compassion. I have stated my principles, Instruct me accordingly. Make me teachable; So that I may delight myself in your works. My heart is too heavy; Revive me as per your knowledge. May I never be found lying, And grant me your blessings abundantly. I made up my mind to live in integrity; Because your commands are always before me. I strive to be obedient at all times; May you never let me live in ignominy! I promise to be a stickler to perfection, For your laws are etched in my soul. Lord teach me in the way I should go, And I will never go astray. Grant me wisdom, and I shall live uprightly; For sure I will prosper in all I do. Help me to have a teachable spirit, For I am amazed by your wisdom. Mold my heart to understand your teachings So that I may not be greedy. I will turn a blind eye to filthy stuff, May you refresh me. Declare your word to me, For I have resolved to fear you. Remove my shame which I fear, For your lessons are worthwhile. See, I value your teachings; Refresh me in your ways. May your grace fall on me, O Lord, Your mercy according to your heart. So that my enemies are ashamed, For I look to you for help. May you not cast me away, Because I treasure your counsel. So I may not live in shame, But I will live in victory, For I pursue your knowledge. I will praise you before multitudes, For I am redeemed by you. And I will treasure your counsel, Because it is priceless. My whole life will bring you worship, Day in and day out, And I will ruminate on your word. |
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 3:44:55 AM
When it comes to laptops, even the latest models, everyone has a battery issue on their mind. Power management is one of the essential aspects of a successful Linux computer, especially for laptops, in terms of extending battery life. Though most of us still have trouble finding the correct power options to minimize power usage and enhance battery life, Linux provides utilities that can help you analyze and take account of your battery life.
It is where PowerTop stepped in. It had been seized all over the world. Many people considered PowerTop to be a must-have.
When a Linux system doesn't get hooked into a power source, PowerTOP is a terminal-based troubleshooting tool developed by Intel that allows you to monitor power use by programs running on it. One of PowerTOP's utilized features is its participatory mode, which lets users experiment with various energy management options.
C++, g++, libstdc++, Autoconf, Automake, and libtool are among the Development Tools required by PowerTop.
It also requires the pciutils-devel, ncurses-devel, and libnl-devel parts, as well as kernel version 2.6.38.
To test how it affects the system, try using it with a laptop battery. It displays the system's overall power consumption and the power consumption of specific system components which get divided into categories such as devices, processes, system timer, kernel operations, and interruptions.
Powertop's faults, like any other item, got the best of it over time. It is no longer as advanced as it once was. As a result, efficiency suffered. Whether you want to move from powertop or try something new, we'll tell you about some of the top powertop alternatives in this post.
TLP
We're going to start with a huge one. TLP is open-source software, feature-rich, a control program for sophisticated energy monitoring that aids in the optimization of battery life in Linux laptops. It works with any laptop brand and comes with a default setup that is already tuned to effectively and consistently preserve battery capacity, so you can plug it in and go.
- It may get customized utilizing a variety of power-saving settings.
-For multi-core/hyper-threading, TLP possesses a power-aware manner scheduler.
-It has a USB auto-suspend feature with a black list and a Wifi energy-saver feature.
-It features sophisticated power consumption and spin-down timeout for hard drives.
-It supports CPU frequency scaling, including "turbo boost" and "turbo core," and utilizes kernel laptop mode and messy buffer overtimes.
It saves electricity by letting you choose how components including the CPU, HDD, USBs, PCIs, and radio devices use power when your laptop is on batteries. It is, without a doubt, the best PowerTop alternative.
Upower
Following that, we have Upower. On Linux computers, UPower is a piece of middleware for energy monitoring. It lists electricity sources, keeps statistics and historical data on them, and alerts users when their status changes. A daemon, an application programming interface, and a collection of command-line tools make up the system. The daemon offers its capabilities to programs via the system bus. UPower's capability for inducing hibernation mode or shutting down the operating system gets restricted by PolicyKit.
It is on our list of top PowerTop alternatives due to its efficiency. The command-line client application upower may get used to request and monitor information about the system's power components. The GNOME Power Manager and the Xfce Power Manager are two types of interfaces to UPower's capabilities.
Jupiter Applet
There are several techniques to extend the life of your battery pack, many of which are self-evident: turn down the display brightness when you're not using it and be cautious about the applications you use. But, to take things a step further, we provide the Jupiter applet.
Most of the time, you won't require your CPU's full capabilities. Jupiter is aware of this and uses your energy sparingly as a result. It also allows you to turn off battery-draining technologies like Bluetooth. It can buy you a lot of time from now until that horrible future when your battery runs out.
The program detects if your PC is plugged in and reduces CPU use accordingly. The applet may get used to turning off power-hungry gadgets. Bluetooth is an instance of a service that you generally don't need on the move but consumes a lot of power. If you can live without the internet for a bit, turning off the Wifi can also help a great deal.
Conclusion
As a result, these are the best PowerTop alternatives available right now. Each one has its distinct characteristics and approach. People have been moving away from PowerTop for a time now since it has been unable to keep up with the demands. If you're still reading, you're fully aware of these alternatives' potential. One of the important elements of an ideal Linux installation is power management; with these options in place, you'll be fine!
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 2:41:31 AM
An organization is the collective name of people working together for a common goal. It is the people behavior that determines the productivity and therefore the profitability of organizations. People behavior therefore is the NUCLEUS around which the whole activity of an organization revolves and is shaped.
Behavior is the reflection of one's attitudes. Attitudes are formed by one's experiences, beliefs and values. People behaviors are, therefore, molded by their experiences, values, opinions and views collectively termed as attitudes. People are hired for aptitudes but fired for attitudes.
A senior executive of an American firm once remarked I would love my job if it weren't for the peoples. Most of the organizations are plagued by PEOPLE PROBLEMS. These problems are shown in their behaviors. Why people behave the way they do, has, therefore, been the concern of all organizations and it has led to the study of BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE. One of the proponents of this Science was Dr. Eric Berne. As propounded by him every person has three Behavioral Characteristics known as Parent, Adult and Child. These Behavioral Characteristics are called Ego States which represent sets of Behaviors, Thoughts, Feelings and Attitudes.
The readings of:
1. GAMES PEOPLE PLAY by Dr. Eric Berne.
2. EVERYBODY WINS by Dorothy Jongeward and
3. I AM OK, YOU ARE OK? by Thomas and Amy Harris
Provide insight into the complexities of People Behaviors. Analysis of these behaviors throws clues as to why people behave the way they do and this is known as Transactional Analysis that Dr. Eric Berne advocated. Many organizations through out the world have turned to Behavioral Sciences for answers to People Problems. as it is the people who make or mar organizations. If the people are happy, they are more responsible and more effective, therefore they are more productive. Happy people contribute to the vitality and success of an organization.
It is not the job that frustrates as much as the Problems relating to People. As one Cost Analyst Complained, I thought my job would be dealing with figures, not people. What a surprise!
People have some basic beliefs about self and others. They use these beliefs to justify their decisions and behaviors. These behaviors are known as GAMES. Games are played wherever there are people.
This article, without a claim to originality, makes an attempt to:
? examine what prompts / motivates game - playing on the job.
? illustrate from experience how certain games are played in the organizational setting.
? demonstrate how games can be stopped.
What is a Game?
A Game is a transaction and a transaction is a communication between two or more people. It is an exchange of thoughts and of feelings expressed verbally or conveyed non-verbally (Tone, Pitch, Volume, Facial Expressions, Gestures and Postures).
What prompts Game - Playing in an Organization?
People play games because they have idle time. They need to fill up time. If they do not do it, they suffer boredom. Boredom saps physical and mental energies that causes deterioration. People who are bored with their jobs are more prone to Game - Playing.
People need recognition. It is a universal phenomenon. If the work environment is void of RECOGNITION people have all the more reasons and need to play games.
Motives and Effects.
Every game has a hidden agenda. There are hidden motives. Game players actually do not talk about what it sounds they are talking about. What they say, they do not mean; what they mean, they do not say. In the process someone gets hurt and the real problems remain unsolved. Such games prevent honest and open relationship and reveal that each person's real Hell.. is the other People.
Those who play games find other people to talk and to gossip and put other people down. By playing such games they are transmitting a message that they are OK but others are NOT OK. However in reality they may be having a belief that they are NOT OK. Therefore they feel better by putting others down.
Games are destructive. They cost the organization heavily. People who otherwise could be productive divert their energies into game-playing rather than doing their own job or getting the job done, making decisions or solving problems.
Games always fortify a feeling of I AM NOT OK and / or YOU ARE NOT OK. They lead to loss of productivity. The time of the organization which could have been used productively is used to reinforce negative concepts about self / others.
A few sample of Games played in Organizations.
? The following statements are often heard being made by employees.
? Well, I was only trying to help you.
? If it weren't for the Training Manager we could have run this training program well in time.
? It baffles me why such weird things always happen to me.
? This is the fourth time she has messed up the job for us.
Such statements aim at finding fault with others. When people play such games they do things like passing the buck. Such games are known as Blaming Games or Passing the Buck games. People who play these Games present themselves as angels and blemish-less by placing the responsibility for their short comings on some one else.
In an office setting someone senior or someone junior is blamed for their own mistakes
Such people find themselves inadequate and the blame is put on others for their inability / incompetence to achieve.
Another Blaming Game played is I have got you . In this game someone ends up being caught for having made a mistake. The game player arranges a set up for someone to make mistakes and when the mistakes occur the player shouts at him, gets angry at him. A Manager / Supervisor who gives incomplete instructions can be setting up such a game.
A game usually played between staff and line managers is but why don't you It is a game to put people down.
See what you made me do is a very common statement made by people in the organization. It is to blame a mistake made by the game player in the presence of another person on that other person.
Such a person takes the position nothing is ever my fault, but it is yours. Such a person is the collector of angry feelings about others and feelings of inadequacy about self.
The words "if it weren't for----" may be a clue to the possibility of game playing rather than an honest complaint. " If it weren't for such a rigid organization policy we could be creative" suggest the employees are playing a game, as they are actually not sure of their own creative abilities.
In office one finds a nit-picker. The game office nit-picker plays is to point out mistakes that are small and of no consequence. The people picked on can become angry and resentful.
A game where a bait is thrown in a manner that a trap falls on an employee who may then have to decide whether to stick with the organization or to seek employment elsewhere. Some organizations, in their desire to attract bright students in the college campus, paint a very rosy picture of the position they are offering. When they join, the realization comes that the position is not that was projected to be; and they feel trapped.
Another dirty game is where one person goes to a second person in an attempt to engage the second and the third person in an argument. It proceeds like this.
One employee A goes to another employee B saying in confidence ?It makes me feel uncomfortable to tell you this but I thought it over and feel you need to know what C is saying about you. And then the person proceeds to reveal, distort or fabricate what C is saying. In all likelihood B will soon engage in a conflict with C
In office one finds a corner player. Who maneuvers other people into a situation where they remark ?It seems, whatever we do, we never come out right, no matter what ever we do we can't please the boss. Such a feeling is typical of one who feels cornered.
The games described above are my own personal experiences / observations and are but a few of the variety of games played in an organization. These games are classified by Behavioral Scientists under different names like Blaming, Under Cutting, Putting other people down, Bear Trapping etc.
However whatever may be the type and nature of games played, they ultimately vitiate the work place environment, prevent development of honest and open relationship, and inhibit problem solving, curb creativity and productivity, put fetter on authentic interactions and cause anger and resentment among employees.
How Games can be stopped
? Games always aim at undermining other people. What is required is to develop and nurture those management skills that would help create such ambience at the work place as would make other people seem Heavenly. Insight into one's own personality and into what makes other people tick or click can probably lead to creation of that Heavenly ambience and those moments when other people seem Heavenly and feel Heavenly.
? When game-playing is stopped or curtailed within the organizations, it paves the way for more open, honest and authentic interactions among employees. It saves time and money. Moreover Curtailing / Preventing of organizational games helps people to be creative and productive.
? Managers who take the stance YOU ARE NOT OK tend to stall the personal growth and development of employees they manage. Managers can change this position. With persistence and enough foresight games can be stopped before they start. Efforts should be made to stop putting others down and putting ourselves down. In other words we should refrain from defining others as insignificant, refrain from collecting negative feelings about ourselves and stop exaggerating personal shortcomings. It will help stop game - playing.
? There are many ways in which management can diminish if not fully eliminate the time invested in games. This can be done by :
- reducing boredom on the job,
- Enriching work environment.
- allowing people to express and develop their own Potential.
- Integrating the personal goals with the Organizational goals.
It is to the benefit of organizations, if employees are given freedom to channel their energies into solving problems, making decisions and developing their talents and potentials. Happy employees contribute to the productivity that leads to increasing profits.
We managers need to create work environment that provides conducive conditions to employees to use their time productively and effectively. Less idle time they have, less scope is there for them to play games. Attitudes can be changed if the organizational Climate / Culture provide empowerment and professional freedom to employees to develop their potentials. Management can do that by fostering the attitude, WE (MANAGEMENT) ARE OK; YOU (EMPLOYEES) ARE OK?. This in all probability will help utilize the full potential of all its employees and create a Win Win situation.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 1:53:41 AM
Today the world needs power from the source that never ends. Biodiesel is the only way to get power without damaging the environment. Biodiesel can be produced by various methods. It can be produced from vegetable oil and animal fats also. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be produced from vegetable waste also. Biodiesel helps in reducing the air pollution.
Biodiesel is a way to reduce the dependancy on diesel and petrol. Now a day, every country wants to get a new source of energy, without hampering the environment. In this regard, many researchers have almost predicted that the biodiesel derived from different sources has potential that it can be used in IC engines without alteration of the previous design parameters.
Needs of Biodiesel - Biodiesel fullfill the crisis of energy. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be easily produced from renewable sources. Emissions from road vehicles are major contributors of air pollution, which is very sensitive issue in Delhi and China. Biodiesel helps to run the engine with less production of air pollutants. It helps to reduce the air pollution. The engine optimization is achieved with biodiesel as it emits less carbon dioxide as compared to the engine running with diesel. The most promising nature of biofuel is that it can be utilised in the existing design of diesel engine without alteration. Biodiesel is very friendly to the diesel engine as it is not easy to remove engine hardware frequently.
Definition of Biodiesel - Biodiesel is basically polymer of ester. It is basically a well-defined long chain of fatty acid. It is better than the previous existing fuels. In the esterification process, firstly the triglycerides changes into di-glycerides, and then from diglycerides the mono-glycerides is obtained. In last step, mono-glycerides comes out with glycerin.
Triglycerides + Alcohol = Esters + Glycerin
Basically Esterification process helps to reduce the viscosity present in the biodiesel that is produced from vegetable oil and renewable resources. If the biodiesel is directly used in the diesel engine, it may damage the internal part of the engine because it has high viscosity. Due to viscosity, the internal parts of the diesel engine may slip or collapse while it is running.
Methods used for Production of Biodiesel -
1. Conventional Mechanical Stirring Method - The mechanical stirring method is used to mix the methanol and catalyst properly. This method is the cheapest way to get biodiesel.
The mechanical stirring machine consists of three major components : temperature controller, speed controller and magnetic stirrer. The temperature controller is used for maintaining the suitable temperature inside the beaker. The speed controller is used to control the speed of rotation of solution inside the beaker. The magnetic stirrer is the component which helps to mix the methanol and oil nicely by stirring the solution inside the beaker. The one should use induction heater to heat the solution inside the beaker.
Steps involed in production of the biodiesel-
1) Take sesame oil in beaker.
2) Take methanol and add catalyst in it.
3) Then mix it properly.
4) Put the solution on mechanical stirring machine.
5) Collect the biodiesel after stirring and settling process.
2 . Ultrasonic Cavitation Method- It is used nowadays as it produces more biodiesel from the oil. This method is costly method for biodiesel production, but less time consuming method.
There are many important parts of Ultrasonic horn type processor, such as start button, transducer horn and supporting tray. The start button is used for starting the machine. Supporting tray with sliding motion is used to support the beaker for stirring process. The main part of horn type processor is transducer horn. It helps to mix the solution of methanol and oil properly for extracting the biodiesel.
Steps involved in the production of the biodiesel -
1) The first step to produce the biodiesel is to mix oil with alcohol.
2) Mix the catalyst with the solution.
3) Put the solution in beaker.
4) Start the horn type ultrasonic machine.
5) Collect the biodiesel after the process of stirring and settling.
3. Soxhlet Extractor Method- It is very expensive method to produce the biodiesel from the vegetable waste. This method is very costly method for biodiesel manufacturing and is time consuming method also. Precautions should be taken while handling the apparatus. Soxhlet Extractor of mainly three components which are as follows; boiling flask, extraction chamber and last condenser. For heating purpose, the heating mantle is used.
The application of the apparatus with Hexane should be handled properly, otherwise it will cause accident.
Experimental procedure required for biodiesel production -
1) Firstly arrange the sesame seeds or any other plant seeds from market.
2) Then grind the seed properly by grinder.
3) Take a white cloth.
4) Put the grinded seed properly on the cloth, tie it.
5) Place the cloth containing seed above the boiling flask.
6) Start the heating mantle. The heating should be able to get biodiesel.
7) The biodiesel is collected by extractor chamber.
Biodiesel can be used as the fuel in vehicle, if it has following properties -
Biodiesel are used as fuel in vehicle nowadays. Fuel in vehicle must have some qualities. It should fulfill some parameters.
1) Availability of the fuel.
2) Cost of the fuel.
3) Exhaust gas should release less harmful gases.
4) It should run with the engine nicely.
Today the world needs the fuel that will not end. The biodiesel is the appropriate option because it can be produced by the plants. Biodiesel can be blended with the diesel and can be used as a fuel in engine. The engine running with the blended biodiesel gives the required result. B20 is the mixture of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel. This B20 blend gives the appropriate result similar to the result of the diesel. The engine running with the biodiesel fulfill the requirement.
Description of the different types of blends of biodiesel-
| Types of blends | amount of biodiesel | diesel |
| Diesel | 0 | 1000 |
| B20 | 200 | 800 |
| B40 | 400 | 600 |
| B60 | 600 | 400 |
| B80 | 800 | 200 |
| B100 | 1000 | 0 |
There are the various changes that are required for the biodiesel performance test. There should be a engine that is consist of the one cylinder and four stroke diesel engine. They should be connected to the Eddy current type dynamometer for loading and water cooling jacket also should be there. The setup should also consists of the stand-alone panel box and air box, fuel and oil tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit, transmitter for air and the fuel flow measurement.
There should be Piezo sensor and there should be crank angle sensor also. The load sensor, load indicator and temperature sensor should be there in the setup. The enginesoft is the software that is used for analysing the performance of the engine.
The diesel can be used as the fuel. There are two types of emission measuring equipment. First one is the smoke metre and second one is the exhaust gas analyser. Both can be used for measuring, calculating and analysing the information of exhaust products of the engine.
For more details about the biodiesel, please click here on the link,
Topic - Biodiesel used as fuel in vehicle
Advantages of biodiesel -
1) The biodiesel is collected from various types of plant seeds.
2) When vehicle uses the biodiesel as fuel, it generates less carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
3) It is argued that biodiesel can be produced by renewable resources, therefore Biodiesel is easily accessible and available.
Disadvantages of biodiesel -
1) The biodiesel produces more nitrogen dioxide than diesel.
2) The work efficiency of the engine is lesser than the engine working with diesel.
The parts of the engine gets lubricated due to the use of the biodiesel.
The main remarkable facts about the biodiesel is that it can be used in engine without any modifications of internal parts of the engine. The decrease in the magnitude of efficiency of the engine working with the biodiesel, causes the research to pay attention on the engine optimization. The optimization of engine is determined by considering the load provided to vichecle and the efficiency of the engine.
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 1:27:33 AM
Manager
and Leader
Managers ensure process flows, structural clarity, sustained excellence, fairness and equality; they are to be conduits of ideas /innovation through out the organization.
Leaders lead without the formal authoritarian control, to lead means to have followers and following is a voluntary act.
Managers tend to be relatively risk free, leaders tend to be risk seeking, managers manage work, leaders lead people.
Love is universal but intensely personal. Likewise leadership is universal and it is personal as well. Love energizes the universe so does leadership. From this energy flows action. Leadership encompasses the whole universe in its fold; Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela are the shining examples of this Universality, their footprints are indelible, eternal. Leadership derives energy from the love of the vision/ mission that he/she is set to realize. Mother Teresa is an example of this purity of love that kept her energized to keep going strongly/enthusiastically with the noble mission of serving the poor preaching LOVE ALL -HATE NONE to make this world hatred free. Similarly it was the love of the vision/mission to have their countries free from the shackles of slavery that energized Gandhi and Mandela. They had the reservoir of energy/passion that kept their people energized and motivated and mission achieved. How aptly the remark of Follet, ??there is energy, passion, unawakened life in us--those who call it forth are leaders?, fits in with these leaders
The excellence of leader is dependent on the followers. Great leaders take their workers with them; a leader creates organization that can flourish in spite of them. He rises above his ego. He creates an environment where people are not afraid to fail.
As John C Maxwell has said ?A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way. ?
Leader ship is, therefore, about
Guiding people to go where they have never been
Inspiring them to produce exceptional results
Creating an image of future (vision), to have vision is the very essence of leadership that inspires enthusiasm and commitment
empathizing with the people and responding to their emotions as they cope with the journey
Encouraging learning by experimentation
Tolerating ambiguity and mistakes
Being available to people
Taking the work seriously and enthusiastically but taking the EGO lightly
Being humble. Leaders aren?t self-promoting or engaged in building a personal fiefdom
Having a sense of responsibility. Leaders are willing to bear the ultimate responsibility for their undertakings. They don?t point the finger of blame when things go awry. They don?t take all the credit. They give credit to others and refuse it for themselves. They do not sustain themselves in reflected glory. Leaders have integrity, the strength of character that restrains them from falling prey to temptations to self glorification and self perpetuation
Being passion- igniter not extinguisher and competence -appreciator not castrators?
)
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 12:21:57 AM
Does every leader have charisma?
What is CharismaCharisma can be termed as the leadership instinct with which an individual is born with. Charisma is reflection of one's personality. It is a wonderful icing on the cake; it is the galvanizing impetus in moments of great peril and or unusual opportunity. Charisma is simply integral to getting things done. It is like magnet that pulls and draws people to the leader, and it is an aura that surrounds a leader.
Charisma can be bad, charisma can be good
Bad Charisma
It is not backed by brains, vision, integrity and character, such a charisma is useless and mostly dangerous. It is hollow and destructive when it is directed at self perpetuation and glorification. History throws up many examples of charismatic leaders like Saddam Hussein and Idi Amin whose dark power has been ruinous. Their charisma was devoid of vision, wisdom and integrity. They had no character; consequently they and their people/country suffered.
Good Charisma
It is backed by wisdom, integrity, intelligence, vision -one with these traits just makes the job whole lot better.
Among political leaders Mahatma Gandhi and African legend Nelson Mandela and among Business Leaders Dhiru Bhai Ambani , JRD Tata were the charismatic leaders. They had vision, they had passion .They displayed never ending persistence, empathy and action. They listened, they never arrogated to themselves having the monopoly on wisdom. they surmounted all the obstacles in their journey to the promised lands, they had conviction and belief in what they were doing to inspire others and they did achieve what they wanted to ,they did not merely play with words, they practiced what they preached.
Leaders say what they mean and mean exactly what they say.People will believe if you mean what you say, if you keep saying it - and then ensure that your actions and your management groups' actions are all in alignment with those words.
The inscription on the tombstone of Andrew Carnegie is very revealing Here lies the man Who knew how to enlist In his service Better men than himself.
This is the art of leadership at its best
This the Charisma at its best display
The End
Post updated on: Aug 6, 2021 12:21:47 AM
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