Beam and Stress in beam

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Beam is made up of a steel, Iron and woods that can be withstand the load. The beam has dimensions in such a way that one dimension is abnormally shorter than the other dimension.

Types of Beam -

There are various types of beam.

Cantilever Beam

The cantilever beam is the beam in which the beam is supported by the fixed end on one side , and it is free at one end.

The cantilever beam is the beam that is fixed on one side and free at the another side.

Simply supported Beam

The simply supported beam is the beam in which the beam is supported by the point.

The simply supported beam is the beam that is simply placed on the support.

Fixed Beam

Fixed Beam is the beam in which the both ends of the beam is fixed. Fixed Beam is the beam that is fixed at the both end of the beam.

Overhanging Beam

In case of overhanging beam, the bean is fully supported by the support but the other part of the bean is hanging over on the both side of the beam.

Continuous Beam

Continuous beam is the type of beam which is giving regular load on the whole surface.

Continuous beam is the type of beam where the load is continuously distributed over length and the support.

There are several types of load, which is used in engineering purpose. Some of them are described below -

1) Point load

It is the load which acts on the body at a fixed and specific point. It does not consider or include the overall length of the body.

2) Regular load or uniformly distributed load -

It is the load which is acting on the body along the overall length of the body and it does not act on the only one point of the body.

3) Irregular load or non uniformly distributed load -

It is the load which is acting on the whole length of the body, but in the varying style. At one point, it is very high in magnitude and another point, it is very small in the magnitude.

Shear stress and bending moment in various types of beams -

When a load is supplied on the body, then the observer has to divide the body into two parts. First one is right hand portion and the second one will be left hand partion. The right hand portion should be taken as a positive shear force and left hand portion should be taken as the negative shear force, if the direction of the forces try to move the body in clockwise direction. The right-hand portion should be taken as negative shear force and the left-hand portion should be taken as negative shear force, if the force tries to move the observed body in the anticlockwise direction.

There is a cantilever beam. There is a load of 5 N acting on it.

The beam is bisected into two parts.

The right portion of the beam is trying to move the body in clockwise direction, as well as, the left portion of the beam is trying to move the body in clockwise direction. So, both are taken as positive shear force.

The right portion of the beam is trying to move the body in clockwise direction, in downward direction of the beam, but it is known as hogging. Here the bending moment is negative impact.

The left portion of the beam is trying to move the body in anticlockwise direction, and is known as the sagging. Here the bending moment is positive impact.