The engine is the foundation of the automobile industry. The engine is the equipment used for deriving the mechanical energy from the heat energy produced by combustion of the fuel.
In India, there are several types of engine. There are several ways of classifying the engine. Engine are using various types of thermodynamics cycles.
On the basis of number of stroke, the IC engine can be classified into 3 types -
1) 2 stroke engine
2) 4 stroke engine and
3) six stroke engine.
On the basis of the number of cylinder, the engine can be classified into the two types -
1) single cylinder engine and
2) multi cylinder engine
On the basis of arrangement of the cylinder, the engine can be classified into the three types -
1) horizontally placed IC engine
2) vertically placed IC engine and
3) inclined IC engine
On the basis of operating cycle, the engine can be classified into the various groups.
1) Otto cycle engine
2) Diesel cycle engine
3) Dual cycle engine
On the basis of the fuel, engine can be classified into the various type -
1) gas engine and
2) petrol engine and
3) oil engine
Two strokes engine and four stroke engine are used in various vehicle nowadays.
The setup should also consists of manometer, fuel unit, transmitter for air.
There should be a engine that is consist of the one cylinder and four stroke diesel engine.Also They should be connected to the dynamometer for getting information about loading. There should be water cooling jacket.
The diesel can be used as the fuel. There are two types of emission measuring equipment - smoke metre and exhaust gas analyser. Both can be used for calculating and analysing the information of exhaust gases of the engine. The single cylinder diesel engine can be used for the experimental purpose and the fuel can be supplied to the engine from an outside tank. The collection of data of the power break and fuel flow can be calculated in gap of 3 to 5 minutes. The test should be done for finding the engine speed, break power, torque and fuel flow by the help of various Apparatus. During the test the load was varied from 0 to 12 kg by adjusting the load knob provided on the control panel of the test rig.
The basic terminology used in IC engine are as follows -
Cylindrical bore - It is the inner diameter of the area where the piston is sliding.
Piston area - It is the area of circle of radius equal to the half of cylindrical bore.
Stroke - It is difference between the two successive reversals of motion of piston.
Top dead Centre - Top dead Centre is the point where the Piston can move in inside the cylinder. Top dead Centre is the point which is nearer to the suction Valve.
Bottom dead Centre - It is a point where the Piston can move and it is the nearest point to the crankshaft in the horizontal placed engine.
Engine is made up of various parts. Some of them, are illustrated here. Piston is box type shape, made up of alloys of iron.
Cylinder is consist of connecting rod, crankshaft and crank. Connecting rod connects the piston with the crankshaft. Piston moves from top dead centre to the bottom dead Centre.
There are four types of stroke of engine.
1) Suction Stroke
2) Compression Stroke
3) Expansion stroke
4) Exhaust stroke
1) Suction Stroke -
It is argued, that when the piston moves towards the crankshaft, there is vacant place inside the engine. The intel valve opens to take the fuel inside the engine. This is known as the Suction stroke.
2) Compression Stroke -
It is addressed that when the piston moves away from the crankshaft, there is no vacant place inside the engine. The outlet valve remains closed to compress the fuel inside the engine. This is known as the Compression stroke.
3) Expansion Stroke
4) Exhaust Stroke
Carburettor
It is argued, that the carburettor is used to mix the air with fuel nicely. The fuel entering inside the vehicle, mixes with the air correctly inside the carburettor. It helps the fuel to burn wholly, without leaving any unburned fuel.
Expansion Stroke
This is the only stroke which gives energy to the engine. The engine gets power from this stroke only. In this tpye of stroke, the engine gets power from the combustion of the fuel.
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